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The Mystery of Zika’s Path to the Placenta

A photograph of a baby wearing a diaper. Jerome Scholler / Shutterstock

Image: A photograph of a baby wearing a diaper. Jerome Scholler / Shutterstock

theatlantic.com - August 18th 2016 - Adrienne LaFrance

Among the many mysteries that have vexed scientists about the ongoing Zika epidemic is the question of how, in pregnant women, the virus manages to cross the maternal-fetal barrier.

A woman’s body is usually quite good at protecting her growing baby. There are biological blockades to prevent the transmission of viruses to a fetus through the bloodstream, by way of the placenta; the same path for the nutrients and oxygen that sustain a developing baby.

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Mosquito Collection Tests Positive for West Nile Virus in Orange County

kfdm.com - by Staff - August 12, 2016

From Orange County Mosquito Control District:

Orange County Mosquito Control District has been informed by the Texas Department of Health that a collection of mosquitoes from Orange County tested positive for West Nile virus. The mosquitoes testing positive for WNV were collected on August 2nd from an area on the west side of the County - North of IH-10, East of HWY 105, West of Doty Rd. and South of Sawmill Rd., in Vidor. This is the 1st sample of mosquitoes testing positive for the West Nile virus in Orange County in 2016. This information tells us that the virus is cycling between the birds and the mosquitoes in the area. So, it is important for everyone to take personal protective measures to protect themselves from mosquito bites regardless of what area it is that they live in throughout the county. Currently, West Nile virus activity in Texas is as follows: Mosquitoes Collections 903, Bird’s 1, Horses 4, Humans 37, Total 945. West Nile virus activity has been detected in 26 counties in Texas so far this year.

Treatments in the area have been increased and we are following up with additional mosquito collections and the testing of samples from the area to determine whether or not viral activity still exists. These procedures will continue until we receive negative results from the T.D.H. labs.

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Zika - Current National Biocontainment Laboratories and Regional Biocontainment Laboratories

Zika virus is classified as biological safety level (BSL) 2 pathogen.

Revised diagnostic testing for Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses in US Public Health Laboratories - February 7, 2016
(see page 2, of 6 page .PDF file)
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/denvchikvzikv-testing-algorithm.pdf

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Puerto Rico Reports Elderly Victim Infected With Zika Dies

Associated Press - by Danica Coto - August 5, 2016

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) -- Health officials announced Friday that an elderly person infected with Zika has died in Puerto Rico as the U.S. territory battles what federal authorities call a silent epidemic.

The victim was a 75-year-old man who was hospitalized and died from health ailments unrelated to Zika, according to Health Secretary Ana Rius. . . .

. . . The first Zika-related death was reported in late April and involved a 70-year-old man from the San Juan metro area. He suffered internal bleeding after developing a condition in which antibodies that formed in response to a Zika infection began attacking blood platelet cells. At the time, Rius said there were three other cases of the condition known as severe thrombocytopenia and that those patients recovered.

CLICK HERE - READ COMPLETE ARTICLE

(See additional supporting documentation within the links below)

CLICK HERE - Zika virus: first American dies of complications linked to disease

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Keeping Zika Out Of Your Neighborhood

by Philip K. Stoddard, Ph.D. - Mayor of South Miami & Professor of Biological Sciences - Florida International University

Tactics for keeping out Zika

1. Keep Aedes aegypti from breeding in your house and yard by eliminating all standing water (see checklist on other side).

2. Keep Aedes aegypti out of your house. Window and screens should have no gaps or holes. Move and empty your pet’s water dish every day when they don’t need it.

3. Avoid getting bitten outdoors.

Insect repellants with DEET repel flying mosquitoes and prevent them from biting. Long sleeves and trousers help. Electric fans help – Aedes aegypti is a weak flyer and likes still air.

4. Don’t let your neighbors down.

One person can provide mosquitoes for the whole neighborhood by not taking the precautions listed here.

CLICK HERE FOR ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT INFORMATION (2 page .PDF file)

 

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Florida Confirms 10 More Zika Victims; CDC Issues Notice to Pregnant Women

           

Florida governor asks CDC to activate emergency response team following increase in Zika cases

CLICK HERE - CDC - Zika Virus - Advice for people living in or traveling to Wynwood, a neighborhood in Florida

weather.com - by Eric Chaney - August 1, 2016

The CDC issued an advisory Monday that says pregnant women should not travel to a so-called Zika "transmission area" near Miami, the same day governor Rick Scott announced there are 10 new infections of the Zika virus likely transmitted by mosquitoes, bringing the total in the state to 14.

The governor called on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to activate an Emergency Response Team to assist the Florida Department of Health and other partners in their investigation, sample collection, and mosquito control efforts.

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Florida Health Officials Confirm Local Zika Transmission

submitted by Albert Gomez

           

cnn.com - by Debra Goldschmidt - July 29, 2016

(CNN) Four individuals in Miami-Dade and Broward counties have been infected with the Zika virus by local mosquitoes, Florida health officials said Friday.

These are the first known cases of the virus being transmitted by mosquitoes in the continental United States.

The unidentified individuals had not traveled to a Zika-affected area, had not had sexual contact with someone who had traveled to a place where the virus is circulating and had no other known exposure to the virus.

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(CLICK HERE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION)

 

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Brazil: Zika in House Mosquitos Requires 'Radical Change'

crofsblogs.typepad.com - g1.globo.com - July 24, 2016

Transmission of Zika by house mosquito requires 'radical change' in control measures

Biologist Constância Ayres, of Fiocruz Pernambuco, has made an unprecedented discovery that has the potential to provide a leap in scientists' knowledge of the Zika virus, and radically change the Brazilian strategy of preventing it.

Ayres succeeded in finding for the first time, mosquitoes carrying the virus in nature.

On Thursday, Fiocruz officially announced that the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, known as muriçoca or house mosquito, can also transmit the virus that causes microcephaly and malformations in babies.

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via Google Translate

Zika transmission by common stilt requires 'radical change' in control measures

Scientists at Fiocruz Pernambuco met for the first time this type of mosquitoes carrying the Zika in nature - now analyze how effective it is in its transmission among humans.

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First Zika-linked Microcephaly Case Identified in Harris County, Texas

click2houston.com - July 13, 2016 - (WATCH THE VIDEO ABOVE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION)

HOUSTON - A positive test result for an infant diagnosed with microcephaly at birth has been confirmed by Harris County Public Health. It's the first case in the county and in Texas.

The mother received inconclusive test results after traveling from Latin American. HCPH said since the infant tested positive, it's likely that the mother carried the virus while pregnant and was infected in Latin America.

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Penn Engineers Develop $2 Portable Zika Test

CLICK HERE - Analytical Chemistry - Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Molecular Detection of Zika Virus

news.upenn.edu - June 29, 2016

University of Pennsylvania engineers have developed a rapid, low-cost genetic test for the Zika virus. The $2 testing device, about the size of a soda can, does not require electricity or technical expertise to use. A patient would simply provide a saliva sample. Color-changing dye turns blue when the genetic assay detects the presence of the virus.

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